Scholar and activist whose work on race, gender and the prison system has shaped decades of organising. Briefly jailed and tried in the early 1970s after guns registered in her name were used in a courtroom takeover, she was acquitted and went on to a long academic and activist career arguing for the abolition of prisons and policing.
She turned her own prosecution into a global campaign for prisoners' rights, and has spent the decades since pushing people to imagine a justice system built on something other than incarceration. Her arguments remain central to how abolition is discussed today.
Her memoir and lectures, widely available online, are the fullest primary sources.


